Misyaar marriage: definition and rulings

 

Misyaar marriage was mentioned on your website. What is this marriage? Is it halaal or haraam?.

Praise be to Allaah.

Firstly: 

Misyaar marriage is where a man does a shar’i marriage
contract with a woman, meeting the conditions of marriage, but the woman
gives up some of her rights such as accommodation, maintenance or the
husband’s staying overnight with her. 

The reasons that have led to the emergence of this kind of
marriage are many, such as: 

1.

Increase in the number of single women who are unable to get
married, because young men are put off marriage due to the high cost of
dowries and the costs of marriage, or because there is a high divorce rate.
In such circumstances, some women will agree to be a second or third wife
and to give up some of their rights. 

2.

Some women need to stay in their family home, either because
they are the only care-givers for family members, or because the woman has a
handicap and her family do not want the husband to be burdened with
something he cannot bear, and he stays in touch with her without having to
put too great a burden on himself, or because she has children and cannot
move with them to her husband’s house, and other reasons. 

3.

Some married men want to keep some women chaste because they
need that, or because they need variety and halaal pleasure, without that
affecting the first wife and her children. 

4.

In some cases a husband may want to conceal his second
marriage from his first wife, for fear of the consequences that may result
and affect their relationship. 

5.

The man travels often to a certain place and stays there for
lengthy periods. Undoubtedly staying there with a wife is safer for him than
not doing so. 

These are the most prominent reasons for the emergence of
this kind of marriage. 

Secondly: 

The scholars differed concerning the ruling on this type of
marriage, and there are several opinions, ranging from the view that it is
permissible, to the view that it is permitted but makrooh, or that it is not
allowed. Here we should point out several things. 

1.

None of the scholars have said that it is invalid or is not
correct; rather they disallowed it because of the consequences that
adversely affect the woman, as it is demeaning to her, and that affects the
society as this marriage contract is taken advantage of by bad people,
because a  woman could claim that a boyfriend is a husband. It also affects
the children whose upbringing will be affected by their father’s absence. 

2.

Some of those who said that it was permissible have retracted
that view. Among the most prominent scholars who said that it was
permissible were Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn Baaz and Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez
Aal al-Shaykh; and among the most prominent scholars who said that it was
permissible and then retracted it was Shaykh al-‘Uthaymeen; among the most
prominent scholars who said that it is not allowed at all was Shaykh
al-Albaani. 

3.

Those who said that it is permissible did not say that a time
limit should be set as in the case of mut’ah. And they did not say that it
is permissible without a wali (guardian), because marriage without a wali is
invalid. And they did not say that the marriage contract may be done without
witnesses or without being announced, rather it is essential to do one of
the two. 

Thirdly: 

Opinion of the scholars concerning this type of marriage: 

1.

Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked
about Misyaar marriage; this kind of marriage is where the man marries a
second, third or fourth wife, and the wife is in a situation that compels
her to stay with her parents or one of them in her own house, and the
husband goes to her at various times depending on the circumstances of both.
What is the Islamic ruling on this type of marriage? 

He replied: 

There is nothing wrong with that if the marriage contract
fulfils all the conditions set out by sharee’ah, which is the presence of
the wali and the consent of both partners, and the presence of two witnesses
of good character to the drawing up of the contract, and both partners being
free of any impediments, because of the general meaning of the words of the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “The conditions
that are most deserving of being fulfilled are those by means of which
intimacy becomes permissible for you” and “The Muslims are bound by their
conditions.” If the partners agree that the woman will stay with her family
or that her share of the husband’s time will be during the day and not
during the night, or on certain days or certain nights, there is nothing
wrong with that, so long as the marriage is announced and not hidden. End
quote.   

Fataawa ‘Ulama’ al-Balad al-Haraam
(p. 450, 451) and Jareedah al-Jazeerah issue no. 8768, Monday 18
Jumaada al-Oola 1417 AH. 

However, some students of the Shaykh said that he later
retracted the view that it is permissible, but we could not find anything in
writing to prove that. 

2.

Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez Aal al-Shaykh (may Allaah preserve him)
was asked: 

There is a lot of talk about misyaar marriage being haraam or
halaal. We would like a definitive statement about this matter from you,
with a description of its conditions and obligations, if it is permissible. 

He replied: 

The conditions of marriage are that the two partners should
be identified and give their consent, and there should be a wali (guardian)
and two witnesses. If the conditions are met and the marriage is announced,
and they do not agree to conceal it, either the husband, the wife or their
guardians, and he offered a waleemah or wedding feast, then this marriage is
valid, and you can call it whatever you want after that. End quote. 

Jareedah al-Jazeerah, Friday 15
Rabee’ al-Thaani 1422 AH, issue no. 10508. 

3.

Shaykh al-Albaani was asked about Misyaar marriage and he
disallowed it for two reasons: 

(i)

That the purpose of marriage is repose as Allaah says
(interpretation of the meaning): “And among His Signs is this, that He
created for you wives from among yourselves, that you may find repose in
them, and He has put between you affection and mercy. Verily, in that are
indeed signs for a people who reflect” [al-Room 30:21]. But this is not
achieved in this kind of marriage. 

(ii)

It may be decreed that the husband has children with this
woman, but because he is far away from her and rarely comes to her, that
will be negatively reflected in his children’s upbringing and attitude. 

See: Ahkaam al-Ta’addud fi Daw’ al-Kitaab wa’l-Sunnah
(p. 28, 29). 

4.

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) used to
say that it was permissible, then he stopped saying that because of the
negative effects, as it was poorly applied by some wrongdoers. 

Finally, what we think is: 

That if Misyaar marriage fulfils the conditions of a valid
marriage, namely the proposal and acceptance, the consent of the wali and
witnesses or announcement of the marriage, then it is a valid marriage
contract, and it is good for some categories of men and women whose
circumstances call for this type of marriage. But this may be taken
advantage of by some whose religious commitment is weak, hence this
permissibility should not be described as general in application in a fatwa,
rather the situation of each couple should be examined, and if this kind of
marriage is good for them then it should be permitted, otherwise they should
not be allowed to do it. That is to prevent marriage for the sake of mere
pleasure whilst losing the other benefits of marriage, and to prevent the
marriage of two people whose marriage we may be certain is likely to fail
and in which the wife will be neglected, such as one who will be away from
his wife for many months, and will leave her on her own in an apartment,
watching TV and visiting chat rooms and going on the internet. How can such
a weak woman spend her time? This is different from one who lives with her
family or children and has enough religious commitment, obedience, chastity
and modesty to help her be patient during her husband’s absence. 

And Allaah knows best.